The Challenge of Public Health

The Challenge of Public Health Now with my internship going into its 8th week, I figured I should write something about what Im doing. =p This really has nothing to do with MIT, so be forewarned. =D Since the middle of June, I have been interning at a fairly large Asian public health clinic in Oakland, CA. During our stay, I shadowed doctors, attended healthcare lectures, designed surveys, debated in health discussions, helped the clinic to fundraise, interpreted for patients, and participated in community health outreaches and even one protest in front of the state Capitol in Sacramento. Truthfully, despite being a premed, I knew very little about the current US healthcare reform debate prior to this summer (and Im still learning). Growing up under Taiwans Universal Health Plan, I really had no sense of the great disparity of wealth and afforded healthcare in the American population. In Taiwan, seeing a doctor for ailments such as coughs and sneezes is commonplace, and I remember that my mom would whisk me off to the doctor for medicine at the slightest sign of a recurring cough or a stuffy nose that refused to go away. I remembered that in middle school, copayments for each outpatient visit to the local clinic was 50 NTD (less than $2 USD per visit, even with all the meds that the doctors give you). Since then, the price has increased to generally 150 NTD (about $5 USD), but this is still an extremely trivial amount to pay for a doctors visit and getting two weeks worth of medicine. At MIT, Im covered under the MIT Extended Student Insurance Plan, and except for a semesterly figure on my tuition bill, thats the extent of understanding my own health insurance. (i havent been to MIT Medical much anyway the only time when i actually felt bad enough to go to Medical was last fall? when i had severe diarrhea for like 3-4 days and i panicked once i started vomiting and having a light fever. the kind doctor gave me two ginger ales and chatted with me for about half an hour, then sent me home. i stopped vomiting that night.) Then I come to this clinic in Oakland, and see that 95.2% of our patients are either uninsured, covered by federal/state/county aided health insurance (Medicare, Medi-Cal (Californias version of Medicaid), and Healthy Families (children lacking health insurance and fall under a certain income level; sponsored by the state California)). Fully 97.9% of the patients fall below 200% of the federal poverty level (for those of you who are too lazy to click on the link, ill spell it out for you. FPI is $22,050 for a family of four (69.6% of the patients are below this income level) and 200% FPI is $44,100 for a family of four (another 28.3% of the patients are below that figure). if you consider the fact that MIT covers full tuition for families making less than $75,000, youll realize that $22,050 is very, very little money for a family). Adding on to this is the fact that nearly 80% of the patients are linguistically isolated (defined as an individual that speaks an language other than English at home and does not speak English well or very well), its been an exceedingly powerful learning experience at times. One patient held up a hospital bill for $11,000 USD, the cost of a 3-day inpatient stay at the county hospital for treatment. He was uninsured. He expressed to the doctor that if he knew that the bill was this steep, he would have refused to go, even through his condition warranted hospital stay. He was unemployed, and so was his wife. The only option now is to enroll him in Medi-Cal (state Medicaid) and see if the state will retroactively cover his bill. Another patient waited nearly 18 months to get a routine colonoscopy since the only medical facility where he can get it done is the local county hospital due to insurance coverage. If you had private insurance and is decently well-off, you can get one scheduled for next week. Yet another patient had a scheduled referral at the county hospital, where she sat in the emergency room for six hours, after unsuccessfully trying to flag down medical staff to obtain an interpreter. She could not speak English; none of the doctors nor the nurses knew what she wanted. She came back to the clinic asking for help. Knowing the overbooked schedules of the county hospital medical staff and the scarcity of interpretation services there (even though this is a federally-mandated law under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, 1964 and Executive Order 13166 under President Clinton, 2000), the clinic sent one of their interpreters with her, and she was finally able to get seen but not after waiting another six hours. Such is the predicament of low-income and linguistically-isolated patients in our country. Try this exercise: find a friend. Pick one to be the doctor, and the other will play the role of the patient. The doctor and the patient both have limited vocabulary; the doctor may only use words that begin with the first 13 letters of the alphabet (A-M) and the patient may only use words that begin with the last 13 letters of the alphabet (N-Z) (articles and pronouns included). Neither side may use vocabulary that obviously arent used in everyday speech. Then, these are the objectives: Patient: Diarrhea and vomiting for three days, feels slightly dizzy, tries to drink water but keeps on vomiting it up, fever of over 100 degrees, has no appetite, tried taking tylenol but it doesnt really help. Doctor: Recommends plenty of rest, dont eat anything too heavy, try to replace fluids lost, if cannot keep water down by tomorrow, come back for an IV, will prescribe tylenol with codeine and see if it works better than regular tylenol. Call if doesnt feel better by tomorrow noon. When I tried it with a friend, this is what it ended up sounding like: Patient: Poop water poop water poop. Vomit yesterday yesterday, yesterday, today. No sense of straight. Walls slanted. Once water take, vomit soon. No want yummy things. Tylenol take, no work. Doctor: Be in bed much. Eat light foods. Drink juice, cola, flow from faucet. Day after, feel bad come back for drip-drop in arm. Me give extra good medicine. Call me if feel bad day after. This sounds funny, but at least were speaking the same language. Many times, with linguistically isolated patients, doctor consultation visits turn into wild games of charades, adding pressure on top of the doctors already overbooked appointment schedules. And these patients are never too far away from you they share a seat with you on the BART (the SF equivalent of the Commuter Rail in Boston), they made the egg tarts that youve just delightfully bought at Chinatown, and they probably pressed the laundry you brought in yesterday to dry-clean. This is who the fight is about; this is the population who are on the cutting board of health care reform. On July first of this year, the State of California caved in to Medi-Cal budget cuts, eliminating many areas termed optional care for low-income individuals. Patients solely on Medi-Cal will no longer be eligible for dental, podiatric, and optometric services. This means no more dental check-ups, no more feet check-ups for chronic diabetics, and quite literally, no more eyeglasses. Now, these measures were passed as a response to the California budget crisis, and I understand that the governments hands are tied somewhat, but its important to realize that theres often a personal side to all of this. Next time you read about health care reform on the news or follow HR 3200 through Congress, remember these people. Remember the elderly dishwater couple who survive on a salary of $400 a month, hoping fervently that neither gets sick because theres just no more money to spare. Remember the new immigrant borrowing English cassette tapes from her friends after her 15-hour shift just so she can hopefully pick up enough phrases to find a job outside of the factory. Remember the $11,000 medical bill. Pick up the phone. Get a postcard. Write to your legislators. Follow the news. Become involved. This is their fight, but it is ours too.

The Challenge of Public Health

The Challenge of Public Health Now with my internship going into its 8th week, I figured I should write something about what Im doing. =p This really has nothing to do with MIT, so be forewarned. =D Since the middle of June, I have been interning at a fairly large Asian public health clinic in Oakland, CA. During our stay, I shadowed doctors, attended healthcare lectures, designed surveys, debated in health discussions, helped the clinic to fundraise, interpreted for patients, and participated in community health outreaches and even one protest in front of the state Capitol in Sacramento. Truthfully, despite being a premed, I knew very little about the current US healthcare reform debate prior to this summer (and Im still learning). Growing up under Taiwans Universal Health Plan, I really had no sense of the great disparity of wealth and afforded healthcare in the American population. In Taiwan, seeing a doctor for ailments such as coughs and sneezes is commonplace, and I remember that my mom would whisk me off to the doctor for medicine at the slightest sign of a recurring cough or a stuffy nose that refused to go away. I remembered that in middle school, copayments for each outpatient visit to the local clinic was 50 NTD (less than $2 USD per visit, even with all the meds that the doctors give you). Since then, the price has increased to generally 150 NTD (about $5 USD), but this is still an extremely trivial amount to pay for a doctors visit and getting two weeks worth of medicine. At MIT, Im covered under the MIT Extended Student Insurance Plan, and except for a semesterly figure on my tuition bill, thats the extent of understanding my own health insurance. (i havent been to MIT Medical much anyway the only time when i actually felt bad enough to go to Medical was last fall? when i had severe diarrhea for like 3-4 days and i panicked once i started vomiting and having a light fever. the kind doctor gave me two ginger ales and chatted with me for about half an hour, then sent me home. i stopped vomiting that night.) Then I come to this clinic in Oakland, and see that 95.2% of our patients are either uninsured, covered by federal/state/county aided health insurance (Medicare, Medi-Cal (Californias version of Medicaid), and Healthy Families (children lacking health insurance and fall under a certain income level; sponsored by the state California)). Fully 97.9% of the patients fall below 200% of the federal poverty level (for those of you who are too lazy to click on the link, ill spell it out for you. FPI is $22,050 for a family of four (69.6% of the patients are below this income level) and 200% FPI is $44,100 for a family of four (another 28.3% of the patients are below that figure). if you consider the fact that MIT covers full tuition for families making less than $75,000, youll realize that $22,050 is very, very little money for a family). Adding on to this is the fact that nearly 80% of the patients are linguistically isolated (defined as an individual that speaks an language other than English at home and does not speak English well or very well), its been an exceedingly powerful learning experience at times. One patient held up a hospital bill for $11,000 USD, the cost of a 3-day inpatient stay at the county hospital for treatment. He was uninsured. He expressed to the doctor that if he knew that the bill was this steep, he would have refused to go, even through his condition warranted hospital stay. He was unemployed, and so was his wife. The only option now is to enroll him in Medi-Cal (state Medicaid) and see if the state will retroactively cover his bill. Another patient waited nearly 18 months to get a routine colonoscopy since the only medical facility where he can get it done is the local county hospital due to insurance coverage. If you had private insurance and is decently well-off, you can get one scheduled for next week. Yet another patient had a scheduled referral at the county hospital, where she sat in the emergency room for six hours, after unsuccessfully trying to flag down medical staff to obtain an interpreter. She could not speak English; none of the doctors nor the nurses knew what she wanted. She came back to the clinic asking for help. Knowing the overbooked schedules of the county hospital medical staff and the scarcity of interpretation services there (even though this is a federally-mandated law under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, 1964 and Executive Order 13166 under President Clinton, 2000), the clinic sent one of their interpreters with her, and she was finally able to get seen but not after waiting another six hours. Such is the predicament of low-income and linguistically-isolated patients in our country. Try this exercise: find a friend. Pick one to be the doctor, and the other will play the role of the patient. The doctor and the patient both have limited vocabulary; the doctor may only use words that begin with the first 13 letters of the alphabet (A-M) and the patient may only use words that begin with the last 13 letters of the alphabet (N-Z) (articles and pronouns included). Neither side may use vocabulary that obviously arent used in everyday speech. Then, these are the objectives: Patient: Diarrhea and vomiting for three days, feels slightly dizzy, tries to drink water but keeps on vomiting it up, fever of over 100 degrees, has no appetite, tried taking tylenol but it doesnt really help. Doctor: Recommends plenty of rest, dont eat anything too heavy, try to replace fluids lost, if cannot keep water down by tomorrow, come back for an IV, will prescribe tylenol with codeine and see if it works better than regular tylenol. Call if doesnt feel better by tomorrow noon. When I tried it with a friend, this is what it ended up sounding like: Patient: Poop water poop water poop. Vomit yesterday yesterday, yesterday, today. No sense of straight. Walls slanted. Once water take, vomit soon. No want yummy things. Tylenol take, no work. Doctor: Be in bed much. Eat light foods. Drink juice, cola, flow from faucet. Day after, feel bad come back for drip-drop in arm. Me give extra good medicine. Call me if feel bad day after. This sounds funny, but at least were speaking the same language. Many times, with linguistically isolated patients, doctor consultation visits turn into wild games of charades, adding pressure on top of the doctors already overbooked appointment schedules. And these patients are never too far away from you they share a seat with you on the BART (the SF equivalent of the Commuter Rail in Boston), they made the egg tarts that youve just delightfully bought at Chinatown, and they probably pressed the laundry you brought in yesterday to dry-clean. This is who the fight is about; this is the population who are on the cutting board of health care reform. On July first of this year, the State of California caved in to Medi-Cal budget cuts, eliminating many areas termed optional care for low-income individuals. Patients solely on Medi-Cal will no longer be eligible for dental, podiatric, and optometric services. This means no more dental check-ups, no more feet check-ups for chronic diabetics, and quite literally, no more eyeglasses. Now, these measures were passed as a response to the California budget crisis, and I understand that the governments hands are tied somewhat, but its important to realize that theres often a personal side to all of this. Next time you read about health care reform on the news or follow HR 3200 through Congress, remember these people. Remember the elderly dishwater couple who survive on a salary of $400 a month, hoping fervently that neither gets sick because theres just no more money to spare. Remember the new immigrant borrowing English cassette tapes from her friends after her 15-hour shift just so she can hopefully pick up enough phrases to find a job outside of the factory. Remember the $11,000 medical bill. Pick up the phone. Get a postcard. Write to your legislators. Follow the news. Become involved. This is their fight, but it is ours too.

Analysis Of Genesis And The Of God - 1080 Words

It was not meant to be this way. By way of the Book of Genesis, we come to understand that God had something special planned for creation and humanity. Creation, where all things created by God, through the Logos or Second Person of the Trinity, by the power and presence of the Holy Spirit, culminating with humanity, was supposed to commune in harmony with God the Father. However, this perfect communion and relationship between God and humanity would be irreparably damaged by the disobedience of Adam and Eve and the indelible stain that act left on humankind. God, in spite of the evil and sin which were byproducts of this disobedience, still loved what He had created, especially mankind. Because of this love, He knew something needed to be done that was patently unique and special, in order to mend what had been broken. Not only would this act be a freely and unmerited gift of God’s love, what we call grace, but it would also bridge the chasm formed by sin between humanity and the divine; between God and mankind. The culmination of this act of love would be the incarnation of the Son of God. O’Collins recognized that two unique conditions would be necessary in order for the Son of God, in His role as 2nd Person of the Trinity, to be an effective Saviour; He needed to be truly human and truly divine (O’Collins 160). Thus as we learn from St. Paul in describing Jesus Christ in Philippians 2:6-7: â€Å"Who, though he was in the form of God, did not regard equality with GodShow MoreRelatedEssay about Religion 111 Study Questions Week 1979 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning can be found in Genesis 1.1-2.4a? This passage gives meaning to the first creation story. It gives the order of how God created everything over the first six days starting with light and ending with the creation of animals and humans. Q2. What are the similarities and differences between the biblical and the Babylonian presentations of cosmic beginnings? The similarities between biblical and Babylonian beginnings are that there is a God of the bible and a god of the Enuma Elish knownRead MoreThe Bible, The Passage Of Genesis943 Words   |  4 Pagesset apart from all other earthly inhabitants. According to the Hebrew Bible, the passage of Genesis 1:26 – 31 can be excellently interpreted as one that contains the original blueprints of a divinely constructed purpose for the first humans. While the Book of Genesis, commonly attributed to the authorship of Moses, contains heavyset implications regarding pre-exilic and postexilic Israelite controversy, Genesis 1:26 – 31 reduces much of the common nuances in synchronic and diachronic perspectives asRead MoreGenesis Wilcox : The Creation Of The Earth, Humanity, And All Accounts Of Life852 Words   |  4 Pagesit is concluded that they must be products of two different times. Genesis 1:1-2:4a proposes a cosmocentric account while Genesis 2:4b-3 revolves around an anthropocent ric account of creation. Although both accounts foretell the creation of the heavens, the earth, humanity, and all accounts of life, the stories differ by the names for God, methodology, and order. The cosmocentric account of Genesis 1:1-2:4a is the story of how God created the heavens and the earth out of a void. He created the worldRead More Textual Analysis of Epic of Gilgamesh and Book of Genesis of the Holy Bible1056 Words   |  5 PagesA Textual Analysis of Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh The stories of the floods found in both Gilgamesh and Genesis contain many striking similarities that are inevitably beyond mere coincidence. One could surmise that both of these stories might have a basis in common historical occurrence. However, despite the fact that both of these works discuss a common topic, the portrayal of this event is quite different. Like identical twins raised in different cultures, the expressions ofRead MoreCritical Criticism Of Genesis1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the place where you are† Genesis 13:14. The word genesis is the dawning of creation, and the biblical book of Genesis is the book that brings fourth the creation of our planet and the life that resides. Genesis also describes the descent of Adam and Eve and unveils the foundation that sin builds upon. Genesis introduces the origin of the holy land, Israel, and inception of holy covenants promised by the holy trinity; the son, the father, and the holy spirit. Genesis communicates the definite eventsRead MoreGod s Fourth Speech With Noah1328 Words   |  6 PagesIntr oduction God’s fourth speech with Noah (9:1-17) is a cluster of three sub-speeches, which will be further explored in this analysis. Similar aspects of Genesis 1 are echoed; a new cosmic order is installed, initiating a pre creation period. God blesses the humans and commissions them to take domination over all creatures. This passage is of great importance to not just the Genesis story but also the Old Testament as a whole. I will further depict central meanings throughout the passage, as well as investigateRead MoreThe Life and Times of Abraham: An Analysis of the Biblical Character1006 Words   |  4 PagesAn analysis of the life and times of Abraham is essentially an analysis of the special faith that his God required, and which some people believe this God still requires. Abraham was one of the first individuals who God revealed himself too. As such, there was no precedent of believing in Him or an established religion for Abraham to adhere to. All of these things came slowly int o place as Abraham was living and learning from God and continued to unfold well after Abraham had died. Yet his storyRead MoreDeveloping And Preaching The Sermon - Dr. Gennifer Brooks1367 Words   |  6 Pagescongregation that welcomes all who seek God, inclusive of age, race, education, economic status, sexual orientation. â€Å"The church believes in open doors, open hearts ministry and is very active in social justice ministry. The church hires professional singers as the Chancel Choir members and has recently hired a Music Director. The church offers membership classes twice a year to those who want to become United Methodists. Genesis 12:1-4a Good News statement: God guides us to new opportunities. DiscipleshipRead MoreGenesis Vs Greek : Families1362 Words   |  6 PagesGenesis vs Greek: Families When most people hear the word â€Å"family† they usually picture the first definition that appears in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary: â€Å"a group of individuals living under one roof†. However, a family can also be defined as â€Å"a group of persons of common ancestry†. Most importantly, family is about the relationships that a group of individuals has with one another, whether they are related by blood or not. The creation story found in Greek culture portrays a completely differentRead MoreThe Story Of Creation And The Fall Of Man1074 Words   |  5 PagesThe Story of Creation and the Fall of Man The story of creation and the fall of man are the mainly studied and more diligently and critically analyzed in the Bible. They are contained in the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis. The creation story is highly criticized in light of scientists and other non believers due the controversy that exist between science and religion. While science is subjective, Religion is objective and thus based on opinion. Nevertheless, the Bible appears more correct

Does Social Media Contribute to the development of Eating disorders in Young Adults - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 608 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Throughout the years social media has been identified as both a positive and negative role in the lives of young adults. The media today has expanded in a broad range of uses that consist of Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and etc. The media allows individuals to have a glance at the lives of others simply by viewing ones own images and videos of themselves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Does Social Media Contribute to the development of Eating disorders in Young Adults?" essay for you Create order Although the media can play a positive effect in the lives of individuals it can also reinforce negative feelings concerning ones own body. The media was intended to establish communities, meet new people, catch up on relatives, promote advertising and etc. It is assumed that the media has increased the chances of individuals to develop eating disorders in young adults. There have been numerous of studies that have shown the negative effects that media has on individuals. In 1954, psychologist Lesting Festinger developed the theory that individuals can identify oneself social and personal worth based on how people perceive them. In other words, people start to compare themselves on the things that the individuals may want but do not have or can develop inadequacy. This theory is recognized as Social Comparison Theory. An example of Social Comparison theory can consist of a female who is average weight views a Model magazine that portrays a tall thin model might develop feelings of body dissatisfaction in the individual. Today in society many individuals are effected in comparing oneself to others based off the images that is shown on social media. Often times, the media has represented unrealistic body expectation that can cause individuals to become dissatisfied in ones own appearance. This paper examines numerous of studies that focuses on how media contributes to the development of eating disorders in young adults. Over the past couple of years social media has been identified as both a positive and negative outcome for individuals who are active. The following four literature reviews attempts to identify and support social media contributing to eating disorders in young adults. By understanding the effects that social media can have on young adults allows researchers to have a better understanding and discover more ways on how to prevent them from happening in the future. Thompson and Heinberg (2008) There is an increasing evidence that the media may play a powerful role in the formation of eating disorders and body image disturbances (2008). The Literature review In Carney and Louws et als (2006) summary article reviewed a study on the relationship between eating disorders and the exposure to media in College Students. The main goal of this study was to be able to identify if social media contributes to eating disorders in young adults. The researchers African university Students and discovered that the women were more likely to develop anorexia nervosa than men. The focus on this study was on young adults, here was a total of 221 participants this study consisted of 221 college students who participated in this experiment that consisted of 176 women and 45 men. It is hypothesized that the individuals who have been exposed to social media are more likely going to develop an eating disorder. The methods that were used in this study involved having the students involved in two different phases. The first phase consisted of having the students take a questionnaire that focused on the relationship between social media and eating disorders. The questionnaire of this study consisted of questions that consisted of that co. Carney and Louws (2006) The main objective for this phase was to detect how much exposure each individual had to social media. The second phase focuses on interviewing each student in regard to how the ideal-type media affected the students eating attitudes (2006).

Hurricane Katrina Struck The Goal Coast In August 2005.

Hurricane Katrina struck the Goal Coast in August 2005. Approximately 1.5 million adults evacuated from their homes. The hurricane caused an excess of $96 billion of property damage and more than 1,800 deaths (Groen and Polivka, 2010). The immensity of the forced migration and damage to the region merits studying Hurricane Katrina’s effects on evacuees. We focus our analysis on the return migration decision, as this decision is essential in understanding the well-being of evacuees as well as changes in the social and economic structure of the areas struck by the hurricane. We do not attempt an exhaustive analysis, but we single out and discuss those factors, which through investigation of the literature, were major determinants of return†¦show more content†¦We must pay particular attention to the potentially immense costs of returning, which include both direct monetary costs of repairing or reconstructing a home, and also the large psychic cost resulting from reloca ting. We first study the impact of age on the return migration decision. Our model suggests that those with greater stocks of location-specific capital in New Orleans would be more likely to return. We would also expect that location-specific capital increases with age. Indeed, Groen and Polivka, based on data from the Current Population Survey, find that the probability of returning increases with age. Moreover, they find that older adults were more likely than younger adults to return to both high-damage and low-damage areas. Thus, even though a proportion of the location-specific capital stock was destroyed, because location-specific capital accumulates over time, older individuals had a greater incentive to return because of their relatively larger stocks of location-specific capital. Moreover, Sastry and Gregory, using data from the American Community Survey, compared the likelihood of return migration in young (25-39) and middle-aged adults (40-59). They found that a year after the hurricane struck, young adults (who had originally lived in New Orleans) were 60% more likely than middle-aged adults to be living in another location in Louisiana, about 80% more likely to be living in another location in theShow MoreRelatedThe Lessons of Hurricane Katrina820 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Hurricane Katrina resulted in massive loss of life and billions of dollars in property damage. There are many lessons worth learning from this event. Finger pointing started before the event was over. Most of the focus on Hurricane Katrina was on its impact on New Orleans; however, the storm ravaged a much wider area than that. This paper will briefly summarize the event, the impact on the city of New Orleans and the lessons learned to ensure preparedness today. Hurricane Katrina FormedRead More Hazard Mitigation Planning Essay4332 Words   |  18 Pagesproperty that might result in the occurrence of a natural of man-made hazard. Hurricanes are among the costliest and the most destructive of natural disasters. Since 1995, the United States has witnessed more intense activities by hurricanes with Mobile County in Alabama experiencing hurricane Ivan and hurricane Dennis in 2004 and 2005 (Link, 2010). In 2005, Hurricane Katrina was the costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes to have hit the United States and was rated category three in Mobile CountyRead MoreEssay on Fema4227 Words   |  17 PagesNational Weather Service Community Preparedness Program and the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration. John Macy was appointed as FEMA’s first director and the mission became to prevent and protect the United States from disasters – whether it be hurricanes, tornados or war (12). FEMA operated as an independent agency until March of 2003, when FEMA was placed with 22 other federal agencies into the newly created Department of Homeland Security. This was the largest government reorganizationRead MoreThe Administration Of The U.s. Tax System1991 Words   |  8 Pagesoverwhelming majorities of 402-8 in the House and 96-2 in the Senate (VanDenburgh 2004, 1). The objective was to improve the overall tax administration with an emphasis on taxpayer responsiveness. To achieve this reform, the IRS established three strategic goals of providing â€Å"top quality service to each taxpayer,† providing â€Å"top quality service to all taxpayers† (enforcement), and â€Å"providing IRS employees with a quality work environment† to facilitate the required changes (JCT 2003, 1). In conjunction withRead MoreOn march 9th, 1997, the rapper Notorious Big was shot to death in LA during a drive by shooting. On2200 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Gulf Coast on the 29th of August of the year of 2005 was Hurricane Katrina. While being a huge catastrophe in itself, Katrina’s effects consisted of floods to US states that were not directly hit. The Bahamas, the Gulf of Mexico, through Florida and New Orleans were some of the places the torrential storm struck, Katrina was ranked as a category 3 hurricane because of it. Devastated, many other states around America were going through the effects of Katrina as well. Hurricane Katrina. WikipediaRead MoreCase5831 Words   |  24 Pagestotal of 151 units and $2.05  billion in sales.[10] 1982–2000: Nationwide expansion[edit source  | editbeta] Since the launch of Target Stores, the company had focused its expansion in the central United States. In 1982, it expanded into the West Coast market by acquiring 33 FedMart stores in Arizona, California, and Texas and opening a fourth distribution center in Los Angeles.[18] Bruce Allbright returned to Target Stores as its vice chairman and chief administrative officer, and the chain expandedRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesStudies, Organization Science, Sloan Management Review, and Strategic Management Journal. He is co-editor and contributing author of Globalization and NGOs (Praeger, 2003) and Handbook on Responsible Leadership and Governance in Global Business (Elgar, 2005) and co-author of the previous edition of International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior (7th ed., McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2009), the best-selling international management text. His current research focus is on strategy for emerging markets,Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesEudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, exceptRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagespublished. These books are now in the eleventh and ninth editions, respectively, and have been widely translated. In 1992 Professor Hartley wrote Business Ethics: Violations of the Public Trust. Business Ethics Mistakes and Successes was published in 2005. He is listed in Who’s Who in America, and Who’s Who in the World. vii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface About the Author Chapter 1 Introduction PART I ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVENTURES Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdivision, aiming to form long-term relationships with brands such as Philips and Bacardi. Rodol denied that the reorganisation was motivated by simple cost considerations, and underlined its importance for moving the brand forward towards long-term goals. Central would be keeping the brand cool in the eyes of its customers. The Ministry of Sound was perceived by many as having lost its ‘edginess’. Mark Rodol insisted: That’s what we’re working on. It is possible to be big and cutting edge – there

Cold war bridging the gap to peace Essay Example For Students

Cold war: bridging the gap to peace Essay Cold War: Bridging the Gap to PeaceOne might argue that the Cold War divided the world which is still present today. It also pulled countries ties with other countries further apart. However, these people fail to realize that the main superpowers of the Cold War are closer together than ever before. Both The United States and Russia (former U.S. S.R.) are now working together to limit the number of strategic arms further from what was settled at SALT I and SALT II. There are also numerous other areas where both the United States and Russia have become closer in relations than ever before. This created a stable world peace for the time being.The Arms Race in the Cold War brought about plenty of newly designed weapons capable of massive destruction. By 1969, both the United States and U.S. S.R. have developed over one thousand missiles to be used at their disposal. At the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U. S.S.R., both countries looked for ways to reduce the number of arms to prevent this atrocity from every happening again. In 1979, SALT-II was signed by the two countries but was lost over a quarrel over Afghanistan. What people dont realize was that the talks resumed and created a new program to further limit the number of ICBMs and other weapons of mass destruction. This program was entitled START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty). Besides including the two countries, Soviet satellite countries joined the program as well such as Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. Countries developed a defense program called NATO which would be used to help counties being attacked by the U.S.S.R. and its satellite countries. After the fall of the U.S.S. R., on May 27th, 1997, Russia joined NATO in Paris which marked the beginning of a commitment to build together a lasting and inclusive peace in the Euro-Atlantic area based on the principles of democracy and cooperative security, (Lord Robertson- NATO Security General). Many find that this is a little ironic as NATO was created to help fight against Russia and the rest of the U.S. S.R. and now the once hated enemy has now become part of the program. Although ironic, the signing of Russia to NATO shows that the relations between Russia and the western world have improved greatly. One final area where the United States and Russia have become closer together is in space. During the Cold War, the Space Race was used to show technological and scientific superiority by one country over another. The race ended with the Apollo 11 mission in which Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon. While a lot has happened since that famous mission in 1969, including the creation of the International Space Station. With the creation of the International Space Station, space superiority is now a worldwide effort in which we all share a common goal. There is no race anymore, only a race against time rather than against each other. The Cold War brought upon plenty of hardships between countries and also the verge of a nuclear warfare in 1962 with the Cuban Missile Crisis. But with the Cold War over and the fall of the U. S.S.R., the strength in the ties between the two countries has grown to become as close as ever. Just goes to show that sometimes you have to go backward before you can go forward.

The Connection Between Language and Race Essays - Culture

The Connection Between Language and Race Language exists as much to conceal as to signify. Whatever admirable relations such terminology signifies, the use of such language can be a way of embedding racist attitudes. Race' was first used in the English language in 1508, in a poem by William Dunbar, and through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it remained essentially a literary word denoting a class of persons or things. It was only in the late eighteenth century that the term came to mean a distinct category of human beings with physical characteristics transmitted by descent. Race has been used to distinguish who is who and language has been used to communicate with each other verbally and by writing. The importance of language is a key aspect and interaction in our everyday lives. We use language to communicate to the people around us about how we feel and question/understands this world that we are in. We communicate great with our words, emotions, and timbre of our voice in an abundance of situation. Would you talk to a small child with the same words you would in a business meeting? The ability to socialize with each other, form relationships, collaboration, and it's what separates humans from other animal species. Communication drives our lives and better ourselves. I have always been interested in languages. Our language is the most important part of our being. I think it is important to learn other languages because it help us learn about other people and their culture, it's so simple that we can learn just from socializing this is one of the most basic parts of our identity. Language isn't the only way that humans communicate but it makes it so much easier to do s o with language. No matter where you go in the world, there was always be different languages everywhere. For example if you come to Los Angeles, it is a lot of people from different places coexisting in the same region. Languages can be gray in many ways what they also can make it difficult for people to communicate as well. If you speak English but someone else speak Spanish it may be difficult to understand what the other person is saying, making the conversation more difficult than if you both spoke the same language. Although it may be difficult for us to all speak the same language, we can definitely learn how to speak others language through tutoring and other resources. Especially if you like traveling around the world it is a good idea to know more than one language. Thus language is not the creation of one person or of one period but it is an collection, on which hundreds of generations and numerous individual workers have worked. Language is like a update to mankind. It raised Man from a low state of being to a articulate frame of mind. Additionally, man differs from animals is that man alone is the sole possessor of language. No doubt animals have some level of communication but that is not only inferior in degree to human language, but, is completely different and complex. Also, language helps with the spread of culture. Sometimes an idea or situation is not able to be explained with language, this makes it hard to translate. Language is so important to humankind I really can't imagine life without it. It can easy to forget how useful our words can be and the history that comes with it. Race refers to a person physical person such as hair, eyes and color. It also represents the concept of dividing people into groups based on physical characteristic (which is a result from your genetic ancestry). People may wonder does race play a role in our society today I would say yes! Throughout history we have witnessed the effects and even today there are still race issues going on in our society. Racism ties together with race so, people may may wonder does this still exist, I would say yes based on the way society is structured it highly suggest that it definitely exist. For example, higher prestige jobs tend to be based on race and background more so than the skills you're